Types of Viruses | Possibility? (Y/N) | Reasons |
Herpesvirus
- Herpes Simplex virus | No | - No animal reservoirs or vectors are involved with the human viruses
- Transmission is by contact with infected secretions |
Poxviruses
- Orthopoxvirus
- Parapoxvirus
- Molluscipoxvirus
- Yatapoxvirus | No | - Control & eradication of smallpox
- Human infections are rare |
Hepatitis viruses
- Hepatitis A (HAV)
- Hepatitis B (HBV)
- Hepatitis C (HCV)
- Hepatitis D (HDV)
- Hepatitis E (HEV) | Yes for HAV
No for
HBV, HCV, HDV | Transmission of hepatitis viruses:
- Person to person (HAV)
- Fecal-oral (HAV & HEV
- Perinatal (HBV)
- Blood & blood products (HBV, HCV, HDV) |
Orthomyxoviruses
(Influenza virus)
- Influenza A (Inlcuding H5N1 avian influenza)
- Influenza B
- Influenza C | Yes | - Transmission through respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated hands
- Transmitted avian virus to humans through pigs or through physical contact with infected birds
- Influenza A: Circulated in birds population, domestic poultry population
- Onset of symptoms: Varies from 1 to 4 days |
Paramyxoviruses
- Measles (Rubeola) virus
- Mumps virus
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Parainfluenza virus
- Newcastle disease virus (avian paramyxovirus)
- Nipah virus
- Hendra virus
- Rubella (German Measles Virus) | Yes for Measles (Rubeola) virus, Mumps virus, RSV, Parainfluenza virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Rubella (German Measles Virus) No for Newcastle disease virus (avian paramyxovirus) | Measles (Rubeola) virus
- Highly infectious disease
- Incubation period/onset of symptoms: 8 to 12 days
- Transmission via respiratory route
- No animal reservoir
Mumps virus
- Contagious; Transmitted by direct contact, airborne droplets, or formites contaminated with saliva or urine.
- Appear in hot climates and temperate climates
Respiratory Syncytial virus
- Spread by large droplets and direct contact
- Survive on environmental surfaces for up to 6 hours
Parainfluenza virus
- Transmitted by direct person-to-person contact or by large-droplet aerosols
- Onset of illness: About 1 week
Newcastle disease virus (avian paramyxovirus)
- Transmission through contact with infected birds
- Eradication of Newcastle disease virus
Nipah virus
- Human-to-human transmission
- Transmission from fruit bats/flying foxes to human through infected pigs
Hendra virus
- Transmission via exposure to bat urine or birthing fluids
Rubella (German Measles Virus)
- Affects children and young adults
- Onset of symptoms: 7 to 9 days
- Transmitted by respiratory route
- Present in the urine, faeces and on the skin. |
Picornaviruses
- Enteroviruses
1. Polioviruses
2. Coxsackie viruses
A & B
3. Echoviruses
- Rhinoviruses
- Aphthovirus |
Yes for
coxsackie-viruses, echoviruses, rhinoviruses & aphthovirus
No for polioviruses
| Coxsackieviruses
- Transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route and respiratory aerosols
Echoviruses
- Transmitted through ingestion of fecally contaminated materials
Rhinoviruses
- Transmitted to susceptible individuals by direct contact or by aerosol particles
Aphthovirus
- Transmission via contact or ingestion
Poliovirus
- Humans are the only known reservoir of infection with poliovirus.
- Nowadays, most people have become immune early in life. |
| Arboviruses | Yes | - Transmission vector via mosquito Aedes aegypti |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | No | - Transmission of HIV:
- Blood & blood products
- Sexual contact Perinatal (mother to child) |
Other Human Viruses
- Adenovirus
- Norwalk virus
- Calicivirus
- Filovirus | Yes | Adenovirus
- Spread by direct contact, fecal-oral route, respiratory droplets or by contaminated fomites
Norwalk virus and calivirus
- Both spread by fecal-oral route, food-borne, or person-to-person transmission
Filovirus
- Transmission via human/physical contact with infected bodily fluids although droplet infection can occur |
1 Comments:
At April 22, 2021 at 1:10 PM ,
Achima Abelard said...
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